If all this while you thought all oranges are the same, then you’re probably wrong! They may look the same, have the same colour and texture or maybe taste the same but no way they are the same.
There are so many names for small, round orange citrus fruits: tangerines, clementines, mandarins, satsumas, not to mention “cuties” and “sweeties.” But how do you know which is which, what the differences are, and how can you tell them apart? We know them as oranges but there are different types of them. And here’s a breakdown to make you see clearer.
Mandarin is the collective name for all easy-peeler type citrus fruit, which are assumed to have originated in north-east India or south-west China, despite the name being used on retail packaging. These kinds have a lot in common, such as a small to medium-sized fruit, a rind that peels away easily, sweetness, a distinct flavour, and popularity!
The Satsuma is a distinct and easily identifiable type of mandarin that is particularly popular in the United Kingdom. It is thought to have originated in Japan in three or four variants, including Okitsu and Mihowase. The rind is easy to peel off, the fruit is delicate, and the flavour is light with a wonderful tang and a hint of sweetness in the background. They’re also quite juicy and have soft segments, which adds to their appeal. Satsumas are only available throughout the season because they do not store well, and there are just a few late-season types. As a result, between January/February and August/September, there are availability gaps.
Clementine is a sort of mandarin that includes several different Common Mandarin variations as well as a few Tangors and Tangelos, therefore it is a type of mandarin rather than a unique variety. Most common easy-peeler types have been referred to as clementines at some point, which is understandable given their likeness in the eyes of customers and the fact that their variations are usually minor until the late kinds hit the market. Except for a brief period in May/June when the Ortanique is the only available mandarin other than Satsumas, there are always certain types of clementines on sale. It would be inaccurate to compare an Ortanique to a clementine because it is far more difficult to peel.
Tangerine is a common term in North America for a variety of later kinds with deep colour and thin, rather tight rinds, such as Honey Tangerine. In the United Kingdom, the word is used more liberally, however it is mainly used to lesser-known clementines and hybrid kinds.
So now you know all about oranges! Despite the difference, they still give that citrusy flavour that is loved by many!
Sources: Weird Explorer, S&J Mandarin Grove , Good Fruit Guide