Eczema cases in Malaysia are increasingly presenting with more severe symptoms, largely due to widespread use of unregulated creams and delayed medical consultation.
According to Consultant Dermatologist Dr Ng Lim Chui of Oriental Melaka Straits Medical Centre, the prevalence of eczema or Atopic Eczema (AE) is increasing in Malaysia, children are mostly affected. Most children develop AE before the age of 5 years. According to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood surveys (ISAAC-1 and ISAAC-3), the 12-month prevalence of AE among Malaysian children has risen from 9.5% in 1994 – 1995 to 12.6% in 2002 – 2003, with an increase of 0.49% yearly.
“We are seeing more patients who have been using over-the-counter steroid creams or traditional remedies for weeks or months without proper guidance. These products may temporarily relieve symptoms, but they often worsen the condition over time resulting in serious side effects, including skin thinning, stretch marks (striae) and fragile skin(bruises easily),” said Dr Ng.
Eczema is a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by persistent itching, dry, redness, scaly patches, and recurring flare-ups. Although often dismissed as a simple rash, it can significantly disrupt sleep, school performance, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life, particularly in children.
Early recognition and professional care remain critical. Dr Ng explained, “Persistent itching, dry or scaly patches, rashes in the elbow or knee creases, and eczema on infants’ cheeks should not be ignored. Parents need to seek medical attention promptly, especially if there are signs of infection such as pus discharge,swelling, redness, weepy skin or fever. Early intervention can prevent complications such as skin infection and skin thickening (skin lichenification). In addition, it reduces the emotional and psychological impact on both children and caregivers.”
Misconceptions about eczema remain widespread. Many Malaysians still believe the condition is caused by poor hygiene, is contagious, or can be cured quickly with simple creams. He highlighted that these beliefs contribute to delays in seeking proper treatment and often lead to inappropriate self-care.
The factors that contribute to eczema are multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental and immunological. Malaysia’s hot climate, combined with environmental and lifestyle factors, further contributes to eczema flare-ups and disease persistence. Urbanisation, increased exposure to indoor allergens such as dust mites,certain food allergens, frequent use of irritant personal care products are all recognised contributors to the rising burden of eczema in the community.
Treatment options in Malaysia have expanded, including phototherapy, systemic immunosuppressant, biologic treatment and JAK inhibitors for severe or refractory cases. However, the specialist emphasised that daily preventive care remains the cornerstone of effective long-term management. In general, adequate moisturising, gentle cleansers, sweat management, short lukewarm baths, avoiding wool garment and occlusive clothing are all essential. Most AE patients develop irritation when contact with wool and they tolerate silk and cotton.
Dr Ng added, “Education and awareness are essential. Early detection, proper first-line management, and timely referral to dermatologists can significantly improve outcomes. Parents and patients should understand that eczema is a chronic condition that requires consistent care, not quick fixes.”
Improving public awareness is essential to reduce complications from eczema. Coordinated education campaigns, early detection and guidance on appropriate use of topical products are seen as key measures to protect children and families.